Word: atomically
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...size and shape of an invisible barn might be determined by throwing a million baseballs at it and studying the number of balls which hit it and the angles at which they bounce off. That is the way physicists have determined the structure of the atom. Pellets have been radium particles, X-rays and, lately, cosmic rays. Inability to control available ammunition has been the great handicap...
Energies of that vast order are released when in a blazing star a heavy atom of matter sheds protons and electrons and becomes a lighter element...
...similar jolt of energy would bolt from a light-weight atom at the instant it acquired energy by merging with another light atom or by accumulating raw energy from circumambient space...
...Anderson's 50,000,000-volt rays prove him right, reasoned Dr. Millikan last week. He figures that at the interstellar birth of a helium atom 70,000,000 volts would be released; for oxygen 116,000,000 volts; for silicon 216,000,000 volts; for iron 450,000,000. Those are, he is convinced, the only elements floating between the stars in sufficient quantities to produce radiation effective on earth. Radiations from helium, oxygen and silicon do not reach the earth because the atmosphere damps them. It is iron's radiation which Dr. Millikan believes his adherents and opponents...
...Nucleus, The late great Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleeff arranged the 92 elements in a periodic table according to weight. The late Henry Gwyn-Jeffreys Moseley found that each atomic number corresponded to the number of negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus. Element No. 1, hydrogen, has one such electron; No. 2, helium, has two; lithium, No. 3, three. . . . For each negative electron the nucleus of an atom must contain a positively charged proton. And, except in hydrogen, all nuclei were found to contain more protons than were electrons around them. The additional necessary electrons were found in the nucleus. Lithium, with...