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Interestingly, those who have the least ability in a particular area are likely to see the greatest drug-related improvement. In fact, on some tests of cognition, the smartest people actually showed performance reductions, a result that may address some of the concerns over "cheating": on tasks involving working memory and impulsivity, stimulants had a leveling effect, allowing below-average performers to catch up to their peers, not dominate them. According to Farah, the typical student user is actually not the overachieving brainiac but a "white male frat brother with a B average...
Over the course of his two terms in office, President George W. Bush has taken a lot of mostly justified flak from environmentalists. But there's one area where Bush can legitimately claim a deep-green legacy: the oft overlooked field of ocean conservation...
...Bush established the 140,000-sq.-mi. Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument off the northwestern coast of the Hawaiian Islands - at the time, the largest protected marine area in the U.S. Tuesday afternoon, however, Bush will beat his own record, announcing the creation of three separate marine national monuments in the central Pacific Ocean that together will span some 195,000 sq. mi. Though greens were hoping for an even larger area, taken together, the marine monuments will mean that President Bush - perhaps the least environmental President in U.S. history - will have protected more of the ocean than anyone else...
Exactly how diabetes is associated with cognitive deficits isn't clear, but there is evidence suggesting that certain areas of the diabetic brain - such as the amygdala, which processes emotions, and the hippocampus, which is related to memory - are smaller than normal, a difference that may affect learning and recall of information. Early studies have even suggested that these physical differences may also predict Alzheimer's disease. While Dixon's study did not find a difference between the diabetes patients and controls on memory skills, Jacobson says the connection between the two diseases is an area of intense research...
...more people develop Type 2 diabetes in adulthood - diabetes has been diagnosed in 20% of American adults, and the vast majority have Type 2 - "more and more people are going to show significant cognitive problems," says Jacobson. "This whole area of research is going to be one of considerable importance in coming years." And studies like this one remind us that conditions like diabetes have wide-ranging effects throughout the body - and that we have only begun to pick apart some of these network connections...