Word: arabization
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...SCROLLS FROM THE DEAD SEA, by Edmund Wilson (121 pp.; Oxford; $3.25), and THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS, by Millar Burrows (435 pp.; Viking; $6.50), deal with the fascinating manuscripts-Biblical texts, commentaries and Essene writings-found in a cave near the Dead Sea by two Arab boys in 1947 (TIME, Sept. 5). Wilson's book is a graceful, thorough piece of reporting. Burrows, a Yale expert, analyzes the scrolls in detail, shows at precisely what points they may fill in chinks in Biblical history...
Unfortunately, the great powers have already lost much of their power to direct events in the Middle East. Both Israelis and Arabs have become so inflamed as a result of the recent fighting that they will be ready to defy diplomatic appeals and the pressure of world opinion. And the obvious intention of the Soviet Union to challenge the West for Arab support through economic and military aid has deprived the United States and its allies of most of the diplomatic leverage they could formerly exert on the Arab states...
...United States can also take certain positive steps outside the United Nations. The State Department should make the strongest possible representations to the Soviet Union over its announced intentions to furnish more arms to the Arab states. In the conduct of their European policy, the Russians can always make the claim that their legitimate security interests are involved. In the Middle East, their policy should be branded for what it is--a brazen and irresponsible effort to make an unhappy situation worse...
...arms policy, the United States must uphold its determination to avert a ruinous armaments race in the area. The U.S. should certainly refrain from attempting to outdo the Soviets in winning Arab friendship, even if arms shipments are the only way to Arab hearts. Whatever Mr. Dulles' cherished plans for a Middle Eastern defense arrangement directed against the Soviet Union, he should remember that in Arab eyes, enemy number one is not Russia, but Israel...
...long run, America's best hope for eventual Middle Eastern security lies in promoting the economic and political stability of both Israel and the Arab states. If necessary, the U.S. must be willing to make substantial loans to the Israelis to help them keep their heads above the waters of economic bankruptcy and to the Arabs to aid in the resettlement of Palestinian refugees. The United States can offer Middle Eastern nations a volume and variety of technical assistance which the Soviet Union cannot come close to matching. And the U.S. can use good offices whenever possible, in such projects...