Word: arabization
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...years after Pompey's conquest, Syria was a Roman and Byzantine province, but sometimes it was difficult to tell who were the conquerors and who the conquered. When Rome celebrated the 1,000th anniversary of her founding in A.D. 248, the Roman Emperor was Syrian-born Philip the Arab. As the incubator of Christianity-Paul was converted on the road to Damascus-Syria gave Rome five Popes: John V, St. Sergius, Sisinnius, Constantine and St. Gregory...
...Arab Glory...
...with the fall of the Ommiad caliphate in 750 and the shift of the Arab imperial capital to Baghdad, Syria once again became a pawn, subjected to the Byzantines, the Seljuk Turks, the Mamelukes of Egypt, the Crusaders, the Mongols of Hulagu Khan and, finally, in 1516, the Ottoman Turks. Not until World War I, when Lawrence of Arabia and Sherif Hussein of Mecca set Arab nationalism ablaze, did ravaged Syria at last emerge from the long night of Ottoman rule. And then, at the moment when the Arabs thought the land at last theirs, they discovered that the British...
...routed rebel Imam of Oman fled on a donkey before the victorious troops of the British-backed Sultan of Muscat and Oman, eleven Arab states asked the U.N. Security Council to take up Britain's "armed aggression" in Oman, and Moscow joined in with a fevered blast against Britain's "inhuman methods of warfare against the peaceful population of Oman." Sir Harold Caccia, Britain's ambassador to Washington, called on John Foster Dulles to warn him that unless the U.S. supported Britain on Oman, it would be "almost as much a blow as Suez...
With Britain's Baghdad Pact ally, Iraq, as spokesman, the Arab states argued in the Security Council that Oman was independent territory, and British troops and planes had no business there. Britain's Sir Pierson Dixon replied that under the 1920 Treaty of Sib (which the British have never published), the Imam, "a religious leader," had won a measure of autonomy, but that the Sultan was still sovereign over all of Muscat and Oman, and that therefore Britain was within its rights in answering his plea for help. The British pointed out tellingly that none of the Arab...