Word: amino
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...HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE This and the related Insulin Growth Factor 1 will figure on the podium. Human growth hormone is a naturally occurring amino acid. It controls the release of IGF-1, which helps maintain growth rates from birth to adulthood. Genetically engineered hGH, available since 1985, was developed for people with growth-hormone deficiency, such as children with dwarfism...
...Institute, Schultz is boning up on genetics. But he also keeps one foot planted in pure science. His lab at the Scripps Research Institute, where he starts his day by 5 a.m., uses combinatorial methods to study everything from nanotechnology to organ regeneration. His scientists have invented 80 new amino acids and used them to make proteins seen nowhere in nature, and they are trying to create an artificial bacterium with two extra bases in its DNA and five unnatural amino acids in its proteins. "The question is," says Schultz, "Why are there only four bases...
Among the active ingredients in the concoction are the amino acid taurine, vitamin B12, sugar and a jolt of caffeine (each 250-ml can has about as much caffeine as a shot of espresso). For added punch, party regulars prefer their Red Bull with vodka or champagne. "It gives you a high, especially when mixed with other substances," says Lauren, 27, a New York City art dealer. "It lets you party all night long." Best of all, it's legal...
...spring of 1953 ever contemplated that we might in our lifetime see it completely decoded. All our dreams at the time centered on the next big objective--finding how the four letters of the DNA alphabet (A, T, G and C) spell out the linear sequences of amino acids in the synthesis of proteins, the main actors in the drama of cellular life. As it turns out, the essence of the genetic code and of the molecular machinery that reads it was solidly established by 1966, only 13 years after Francis Crick and I discovered the double helix...
...carry out a longer and more strenuous workout. Normally manufactured by the liver, kidneys and pancreas, it's used by the muscles and other organs as an energy source. Still, there can be too much of a good thing. While creatine is a natural compound, created out of three amino acids, doctors are concerned by reported side effects from apparent overdoses, including dehydration, muscle and ligament tears, diarrhea and kidney failure...