Word: afghanistan
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Administration is convinced that Gorbachev has not yet gone far enough in toning down the Soviet Union's aggressive international behavior to make bold American initiatives worthwhile. In a speech last week Baker praised the Soviets for such moves as pulling their army out of Afghanistan and beginning unilateral cuts in European tank and troop strength. But he also complained that in other ways, Soviet actions do not match Gorbachev's pledges of "new thinking." For example, he chastised Moscow for stepping up aid to Nicaragua and continuing to produce five times as many tanks as the U.S. Though Baker...
...Moscow he should reject any Soviet pleas to promote a compromise settlement between the Soviet-backed Afghan government and the U.S.-backed rebels. Washington insists on continuing to supply arms to the rebel mujahedin, even though the U.S. has achieved its goal of getting the Soviets out of Afghanistan. Moscow denounces the U.S. policy as a violation of the Geneva accords under which the Kremlin pulled out its troops...
When the last of the Soviet Union's 115,000 troops rumbled out of Afghanistan last February, the common wisdom saw it as a whimpering finale to Moscow's Viet Nam. Surely it would be only a matter of time -- months at most -- before the collapse of the Kabul government led by President Najibullah, the weak puppet left in place by the withdrawing Soviets. Succeeding him would be an interim government composed of seven U.S.- and Pakistan-backed mujahedin factions...
...Kampuchea by the end of September. That opened the door to a broad rapprochement between the U.S.S.R. and China, which had bitterly resisted the Vietnamese encroachment. Beijing made the Vietnamese pullout one of three conditions for making up with Moscow (the others: an end to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and resolution of conflicts along the 4,500-mile U.S.S.R.-China border...
Neither in Poland nor in Kampuchea could these dramatic reversals have been made without the sponsorship of Gorbachev. They follow a string of precedents set by the Soviet Union: its first contested elections in 71 years; withdrawal from Afghanistan; constructive mediation in southern Africa; offers of significant cuts in the Warsaw Pact's conventional-force structure in Europe; and even, despite reports of an unwelcome sale of jet bombers to Libya, suggestions of a generally more helpful approach to the Middle East...