Word: 1920s
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...even if the jurors had concluded that the confession was coerced, did they then disregard it? To Jackson's lawyers, the unanswered questions suggested a solid case of violated due process. Coerced confessions, however true, have been outlawed as evidence by the Supreme Court since the early 1920s. The court holds that only voluntary confessions are trustworthy; it believes, said Justice Felix Frankfurter, that "society carries the burden of proving its charges against the accused not out of his own mouth." Accordingly, the defendant must go free if the evidence used to convict him includes a true yet tainted...
Died. Milton Clark Avery, 71, pre-abstract-expressionist painter whose studies of blocky, faceless figures and wispy, grey-green seascapes in the 1920s drew a blank with the public, yet so inspired such young artists as Mark Rothko and Adolph Gottlieb that he became a pivotal influence on them, even though he himself had to wait until the 1950s before his own primitivistic, relatively representational canvases finally brought as much as $10,000; after a long illness; in New York City...
Soledad City was part Old Mexico, part American frontier. Its ethic had elements of both-plus, at that time in the 1920s, the "shrill, maniacal lynch law" of the smugly righteous ladies in their long, black, chin-high dresses. These conflicts are embodied in the judge of the second murder trial, Benjamin Morales Lewis, 29. As he announces in his decision, "We have no precedents. We have only our own precarious humanity," no one's humanity seems more precarious than Ben Lewis'. The son of the town's Mexican grande dame and of its late county sheriff...
Died. Alberto Tarchiani, 79, Italy's Ambassador to the U.S. from 1945 to 1955, when he rallied U.S. moral and monetary support for Italy's new republic; an early, outspoken anti-Fascist who, as editor of Milan's influential Corriere della Sera in the early 1920s, and later as an indefatigable agitator exiled in Paris, was so unrelenting a foe of Mussolini's that he eventually found himself near the top of Il Duce's must-kill list; in Rome...
Died. Dr. Sidney Haas, 94, Manhattan pediatrician who in the early 1920s found cures for two of childhood's most troublesome ailments, discovering that minuscule doses of highly poisonous atropine would curb colic among infants (it is now also used by ulcer patients), and that a year-long diet of bananas would completely rehabilitate sufferers from celiac disease, which causes such acute diarrhea that one-fourth of its victims used to die from malnutrition; in Orange...