Word: validating
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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These days, the Soviet Union and its capital evoke less mystery and fewer perturbations than they did eight years ago. Gorbachev and glasnost have helped see to that. But Smith's formula for success ought to remain valid if a suitable substitution can be found for step 3. In Polar Star, Smith finds it. One dead body leads to others, along an arc of increasing menace and violence. Arkady Renko, the intrepid police investigator of Gorky Park, reappears, again called to rescue a situation that shadowy, powerful forces may not want to be saved...
...familiar 5-to-4 vote, the court gave large companies accused of discrimination a crucial procedural win. The Justices held that, contrary to previous doctrine, it is employees who must prove that imbalances in the racial makeup of their employer's work force result from practices that have no valid business justification. That ruling provoked a biting dissent from Justice Harry Blackmun: "One wonders whether the majority still believes that race discrimination . . . is a problem in our society, or even remembers that it ever...
...mathematics, apprenticeship methods focus less on formulas than on analyzing the way a mathematician chooses a path to a solution. The technique is valid for higher math as well as basic arithmetic. In East Lansing, Mich., Magdalene Lampert's fifth-graders connect numbers to real-world situations. Instead of dutifully working out common denominators to compare fractions, for example, one of her students reasoned that "five-sixths is smaller than seven-eighths because the piece that is missing in seven-eighths is smaller than in five-sixths." Says Lampert: "This reveals more complicated thinking and a better understanding of symbols...
...addition to mutual distrust, Bhutto has valid reasons to sideline the intelligence chief. An ISI-orchestrated attack by Afghan rebels on Jalalabad, has degenerated into a protracted struggle and a propaganda victory for Najibullah. Bhutto was particularly enraged by what appeared to be ISI disinformation blaming her for the mess. Gul has also defied Bhutto by openly siding with the fundamentalists among the mujahedin. Bhutto has called the ISI's emphasis on a mujahedin military victory a "fundamental mistake." Gul's exit opens the way for a more flexible approach to helping resolve the Afghan...
...such theories, however valid, ring hollow in the face of crimes like the Central Park attack. Pornography, even the most gruesome kind, is commonplace in countries where the level of violence does not approach that in the U.S. The impulses behind the most brutal attacks are extremely complicated. "What we're seeing is a real distortion in personality development," says Michael Nelson, professor of psychology at Xavier University in Cincinnati. "It's not nice little neurotic people acting out problems...