Word: underground
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...couriers began systematic efforts to smuggle books to Christians in Eastern Europe. Today Bible smuggling is carried on by a network of at least 40 Protestant organizations pursuing the world's most extraordinary missionary venture. Much support comes from U.S.-based organizations, notably L. Joe Bass's Underground Evangelism and Michael Wurmbrand's Jesus to the Communist World. At any one time, dozens of smugglers, both professionals and one-shot amateurs, may be crossing borders in Bible-bearing cars, vans or trains. The Bibles are given out free, paid for by Western contributors...
Sadly, as the editors of the 1940s, '50s and '60s point out, the literary gadflies have lost much of their sting. The underground has become fashionable: everybody has joined the avant-garde and Allen Ginsberg has joined academe. Lacking the diehard convictions of their elders, most of the 1,500 little magazines now being published print anything and wind up sounding the same. "The multiplication of poets sort of leaves my mind blank," says Poet Karl Shapiro, former editor of Poetry. In many ways this collection of essays is a retrospective; editors like Robie Macauley, formerly...
...danger is salt. Found in even the best irrigation water, salt is usually left behind as crops soak up moisture through their roots, and the residue filters into the underground water table. But in the San Joaquin Valley, shallow layers of impermeable clay act as a natural obstacle, and brackish water has been backing up, already rising to within 5 ft. of the surface over some 400,000 acres. Adding to this mineral buildup is more salt left by evaporation. Crop losses have reached an estimated $32 million a year. If the accumulation is left unchecked, the valley could turn...
According to a new 140-page federal-state study, the only real solution is better drainage. An 82-mile-long system known as the San Luis Drain already exists in the valley. The study suggests using it as the basis of an even larger network. Underground drain pipes would carry salty water from individual farms to larger collection drains, which in turn would link up to a main 10-ft.-deep concrete viaduct. From its starting point, near Bakersfield, the viaduct would convey the salty water 290 miles away to Suisun...
...succeeding years the organizers of the house developed additional programs such as a hot line (which helped to counsel callers on many of the underground issues of the day: drugs pregnancy, VD, the draft), a drug education program, a legal aid group, and programs to support alternative life-styles. By 1974 there were 70 full-time staff members and 200 volunteers involved in seven different programs...