Word: protection
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Even so, formidable problems remain. For one, existing local laws that protect the environment are often poorly drafted and administered-making it especially important, as Chicago Lawyer Joseph Karaganis puts it, "to light a fire under public law-enforcement officials." Beyond that, conservationists' suits tend to be underfinanced, a handicap in fighting both large industries and the many small ones that contribute to regional air and water pollution. In addition, a court injunction against potential as well as present polluters still requires proof that irreparable damage is likely, a difficult task when it comes to such highly technical puzzles...
Here again, that is not the point. Foreign investment is not, of itself, bad. But American investment usually brings with it the American military to protect those investments. American investment further creates or solidifies a small class that becomes both powerful and dependent upon U.S. presence. When popular governments are restored, the U.S. military acts immediately to unseat them. Brazil, Iran, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, and Cuba are all good examples. Often the American investment forces the economy to serve the needs of the American economy rather than the needs of the people of the country. The country becomes increasingly...
...between May's thinking and student politics is consistent with his relatively conservative theory of foreign policy. May would deny that American policy is purposefully planned to protect investments or markets. No administration, May wrote in 1967, "ever has a coherent scheme or an overall plan." There are only some underlying tendencies "which give a basis for predicting how individual cabinet members or the President are likely to react." One of the "tendencics," he acknowledges, is the lobbying of Embassy staff for protection of local investment. "The people who have economic interests in a country are the clientele...
...Ipswich, Mass., when residents set out to save a marsh from a drain-and-fill project. In seeking legal authority, they discovered a local ordinance empowering Ipswich to acquire land for uses that might enhance the community, and then drafted a bill allowing any town in Massachusetts to protect its natural resources. In 1957, the state legislature passed the law, and 285 Massachusetts towns have since created conservation commissions. Both the state and federal governments have also put up matching funds that help the commissions buy land for public use. One result: all of the spectacular estuarine marshes from...
...accepted, however, they boom. That commissions work outside New England is proved by the example of New Jersey, the nation's most heavily industrialized state, which has started no fewer than 55 of them in less than a year. The commissions in several coastal towns are acting to protect the state's water basins, shoreline and lands below the high-tide mark. The town of Harding is considering a novel "stream-protection zoning" statute that would thwart pollution and overdevelopment along its many small streams. In short, the commissions are uniting local officials and environmentalists for action where...