Word: physicist
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...astronauts of Apollo 12-who began their lunar journey yesterday morning-may photograph the moon's surface with a special camera proposed by a Harvard physicist...
...Deputy, Rocard plans to work inside an Establishment that he would like to overturn. That is a role spurned by many New Leftists in favor of instant revolution, but it is not new for Rocard. Son of Physicist Yves Rocard, one of the developers of France's atom bomb, he graduated from the prestigious Ecole Nationale d'Administration and entered government service as an in-specteur des finances, one of the elite corps of officials who supervise state spending. It is a position that normally opens the door to the highest echelons of the government and big business...
...early 1950s, when Gell-Mann made his debut as a theoretical physicist, the discovery of a host of strange and short-lived bits of matter had turned the once orderly world of subatomic physics into what scientists called a "zoo." To bring some order out of the chaos, Gell-Mann-at the age of 24 -formulated his Theory of Strangeness (named after Francis Bacon's line: "There is no excellent beauty that hath not some strangeness in the proportion"). He assigned a value to each of the puzzling new particles: a "strangeness" number based on their peculiar rate...
...Eightfold Way. From strangeness, Gell-Mann and Israeli Physicist Yuval Ne'eman progressed to a new theory that Gell-Mann named the "eightfold way" (after the eight ways that Buddhists use to stop pain). It organized the particles into groups of eight or ten members. To fill gaps in his table, he postulated yet unencountered particles. In 1964, his theory was strong]y confirmed by the discovery of a bit of matter that Gell-Mann had previously described: the omega-minus particle...
Probing deeper into the secrets of the atom, Gell-Mann and Physicist George Zweig then independently conceived a trio of basic building blocks out of which all the other particles -and, indeed, all matter-could be constructed. With his usual literary flair, Gell-Mann named these imaginary particles "quarks" (from James Joyce's cryptic line in Finnegans Wake: "Three quarks for Muster Mark!"). Gell-Mann cautioned that quarks might not exist outside his equations, but an Australian researcher recently reported finding them among the debris of atmospheric atoms broken up by cosmic rays (TIME, Sept. 12). Even if quarks...