Word: nucleus
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...then threads a wire just 4 microns thick--or four-thousandths of a millimeter--into Stipp's brain. Guided in part by CT scans and in part by real-time readings of electrical activity that the probe encounters as it passes different neural structures, surgeons aim for the subthalamic nucleus (STN), an olive-size clump of tissue deep in the basal ganglia that helps govern motor control. For much of the morning, Stipp's right arm has been shaking violently enough to rock the table...
Scadden said that this process of somatic nuclear transfer—essentially taking a nucleus from a skin cell, transferring it into an egg, and then prompting the egg to divide—would allow scientists “to have in a petri dish a model of these complex diseases for which we have very little therapy...
...nuclear transfer, stem cells are created by inserting the nucleus from a donor's cell, usually a skin cell, into an egg cell, whose DNA-containing nucleus has been removed. The new cell then starts to divide and produce stem cells. In some cases, however, through mistakes in the nuclear-transfer process, eggs may begin dividing on their own. And Hwang may have increased his chances of parthenogenesis by using the gentler, squeezing technique he pioneered to remove the egg's nucleus; the process may have actually left behind enough genetic material for the egg to spontaneously divide...
...only one of several players. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and other scanning technologies have allowed researchers to peer deeper than ever into the OCD-tossed brain. In addition to the amygdala, there are three other anatomical hot spots involved in the disorder: the orbital frontal cortex, the caudate nucleus and the thalamus--the first two seated high in the brain, the third lying deeper within...
...tics and OCD are probably the result of an autoimmune response, in which the body begins attacking its own healthy tissue. Blood tests of kids with strep-related tics and OCD have turned up antibodies hostile to neural tissue, particularly in the brain's caudate nucleus and putamen, regions associated with reinforcement learning. "There certainly seems to be an epidemiological relationship there," says Dr. Cathy Budman, associate professor of psychiatry and neurology at New York University, "but what it means needs to be further investigated...