Word: lix
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...late 19th century, when the scattered archipelago was a Spanish colony, its people stifled by ruling élites but also desperate to earn their approval. The assiduousness with which they sought it can be seen in two iconic works by Filipino artists Juan Luna and Félix Resurrección Hidalgo, who together swept the top prizes at a prestigious Madrid art exposition in 1884. Neither painting bears any trace of indigenous technique; instead they demonstrate the skill with which the Filipinos absorbed the traditions of post-Renaissance Europe and, albeit timidly, began to subvert them. (Read "The Rise...
After himself joining the police at 17 in his native state of Sinaloa, Félix Gallardo began his run from the law in 1971 when he was first indicted for drug-smuggling. Over the next 18 years he built what federal officials described as Mexico's biggest drug-trafficking empire, one that dealt directly with Colombian kingpin Pablo Escobar to move cocaine. Félix Gallardo also began to grow marijuana and opium - the raw ingredient for heroin - on Mexican soil. There were 15 arrest warrants with his name on them in Mexico and others in the United States...
...lix Gallardo dedicates a large chunk of his writings to describing this detention in minute detail. He unleashes particular scorn on his arresting officer Guillermo Gonzalez Calderoni, a "supercop" who shot down or nabbed several top drug lords in the 1980s. Félix Gallardo claimed that he had been a friend of Gonzalez Calderoni who, he said, once gave him a present of macaws, endangered birds. But, Félix Gallardo recalled, when he went to meet the policeman in a Guadalajara restaurant, some of his officers jumped him. "Three of them came at me and knocked...
...lix Gallardo went on to describe being questioned by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), which asked him about the 1985 murder of its agent Enrique Camarena. The drug kingpin denied that he had any involvement in that slaying, which had created a furor in Washington and led to pressure to round up top traffickers. "I was taken to the DEA," recalled the capo. "I greeted them and they wanted to talk. I only answered that I had no involvement in the Camarena case and I said, 'You said a madman would...
Following Félix Gallardo's arrest, some observers and journalists expressed hopes that Mexican drug gangs would be obliterated. But in the two decades of his incarceration, bigger and bloodier cartels have emerged, unleashing decapitations, massacres and pitched battles in town centers. Since President Felipe Calderón took office in December 2006, there have been more than 10,000 drug-related slayings. In his prison scrawlings, Félix Gallardo argued that fighting poverty would be the best way to stop young people from joining the ranks of cartel foot soldiers. "Today, the violence in the cities needs...