Word: intelligentsia
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Whatever workers and bureaucrats may think, Gorbachev's glasnost has been greeted with an almost giddy euphoria by the intelligentsia. Says Yegor Yakovlev, editor of the innovative Moscow News: "We are hurrying, as if walking on hot coals. We want to show, print and stage all the things that were buried for decades as quickly as possible. We want to do it overnight...
...suggest that Gorbachev's policies may proceed for a while and then be followed by a retrenchment, as his party and bureaucratic opponents organize to stymie them. Yet the Soviet leader has two things going for him: a lack of alternatives to his leadership and his image among the intelligentsia as the last best hope for reform...
...member Supreme Soviet, the country's largely ceremonial parliament, met last week to endorse the sweeping economic and political reforms approved a few days earlier by the Communist Party Central Committee, Moscow's intelligentsia was buoyant over another Mikhail Gorbachev initiative: a Marxist propaganda specialist, who has been known to make virulent attacks on the U.S., was promoted to the ruling Politburo. Normally that would cause groans among the intellectual elite, not cheers. But this propagandist is Alexander Yakovlev, and his promotion during the Central Committee meeting to full membership in the Politburo is being widely interpreted as a victory...
...intelligentsia. Because it is an ideology as well as a power system, apartheid needs the Afrikaner intelligentsia to explain and justify its workings. The intellectual center of Afrikanerdom is the University of Stellenbosch, just outside Cape Town, and Stellenbosch is in turmoil. Not only are the students increasingly disaffected (see box), but 27 senior academics recently resigned in protest from the National Party and issued a manifesto demanding abolition of all "residuals of apartheid." When the Cape Town Nationalist newspaper Die Burger dismissed the gesture as "trivial" because there were only 27 protesters in a faculty of more than...
...would like to limit defections by giving artists enough freedom to make it unnecessary for them to flee the country. Rules governing travel abroad for artists and intellectuals are being relaxed, provided their trips are financed by foreign sources. Gorbachev would like to gain the trust of the Soviet intelligentsia, something no Soviet regime has enjoyed since Lenin. "He's giving them a little more room to work," said one diplomat, "and in return he will expect their help in his foreign and economic policies...