Word: hitherto
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Once the union citadel had been stormed, Thatcher quickly discovered that every area of the economy was open to judicious reform. Even as the rest of Europe toyed with socialism and state ownership, she set about privatizing the nationalized industries, which had been hitherto sacrosanct, no matter how inefficient. It worked. British Airways, an embarrassingly slovenly national carrier that very seldom showed a profit, was privatized and transformed into one of the world's best and most profitable airlines. British Steel, which lost more than a billion pounds in its final years as a state concern, became the largest steel...
...supposed to be the Microsoft Network, which, like this year's Explorer, came bundled into every last Windows machine. Instead, MSN floundered and AOL cleaned its clock. Microsoft may yet get its comeuppance (Java, anyone?), but digital history suggests it will come not from Washington but from some hitherto obscure geek who--just like young Bill, once upon a time--shatters the old mold with a better idea...
...plans are also afoot at Elizabeth's youngest son's movie-making enterprise, Ardent Productions. Prince Edward's company has signed a first-look deal with Corbin Bernsen, mainly known as the sleazoid attorney in L.A. Law. This deal, however, is for Bernsen's hitherto unheralded writing output. The Prince gets first refusal on Bernsen's screenplays...
...scientists were so taken aback by the fast-moving river of plasma, they said, that they dared not reveal their findings until they had rechecked their data several times. The scientists also got a close-up look at the sun's lower-latitude trade winds, whose existence they had hitherto only suspected. The new probes not only confirmed these suspicions but also showed that the winds--actually, great bands of plasma slightly warmer than neighboring solar gases--dive deep into the solar interior, itself a mass of gases, then flow back toward the equator, creating a circular gyre reminiscent...
...first guilty pleas last week by Democratic fund raisers NORA and GENE LUM took some heat off Justice Department lawyers (hey, they're doing something; no need for an independent prosecutor) but raised the heat on a hitherto minor player in the fund-raising scandal: MICHAEL BROWN, son of the late Commerce Secretary. The Lums admitted conspiring to funnel about $50,000 in contributions through "straw donors" to SENATOR EDWARD KENNEDY and an Oklahoma House candidate in 1994 and 1995, and they agreed to cooperate with investigators, who have recently been focusing on Brown, a donor to Kennedy around...