Word: founding
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...heroin addicts. Methadone also tends to reduce coke use, but less dramatically. While methadone may wean half of those treated from cocaine, buprenorphine could slash the number of coke abusers to almost nil, says Yale researcher Thomas Kosten. A Harvard study of rhesus monkeys habituated to using coke found that daily doses of buprenorphine led the monkeys to kick the habit completely...
...also showing some promise. Flupenthixol, currently prescribed overseas for schizophrenia, seems to soften the "crash," a unique combination of depression and craving that follows one cocaine binge and typically leads to another round. In preliminary trials on a group of ten Bahamian crack addicts seeking treatment, researchers from Yale found that even low doses kept users off cocaine for the two-month duration of the trial. Another drug, carbamazepine, long taken to prevent seizures, has proved to be moderately effective against cocaine craving. In tests this year, six of 13 people taking the drug stopped using cocaine and the remaining...
...unlikely to receive approval before 1992. Scientists also readily concede that medical therapy fails to address the underlying psychological and social causes of drug abuse. Even if an addict is weaned from one drug, they say, he will very often take up another. A federal study released in August found that as many as 47% of patients at 15 methadone clinics across the country continued to use heroin or other opiates, and up to 40% used nonopiate drugs, usually cocaine. So scientists find themselves aiming their magic bullet at a moving target. "We're constantly having to treat new disease...
...Escalon offensive rattled Cristiani, who only three days earlier had held a press conference to display a cache of weapons, including 24 surface- to-air missiles, found in the wreckage of a twin-engine Cessna that had crashed some 70 miles east of San Salvador. The plane almost certainly took off from Nicaragua, bolstering Cristiani's conviction that Ortega's Sandinista government was supplying arms to the F.M.L.N. despite a personal promise to Cristiani last August not to do so. Cristiani suspended diplomatic relations with Nicaragua and refused to attend a summit of Central American Presidents scheduled for this weekend...
Reporting in the New England Journal of Medicine, two separate teams of scientists found that treatment with the drug interferon halted destruction of liver cells in about half the patients with chronic hepatitis. A total of 207 people were studied by the two teams, one led by investigators at the University of Florida, the other at the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases...