Word: effectively
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...organizers of Earth Day 1990 hope it will have a similar galvanizing effect, that it will change individual behavior and launch a decade of environmental activism. This time the event will be international, reflecting the recognition that all the major environmental threats are global in scope. More than 100 countries, including Hungary and Uganda, have started to form committees and plan activities. Says Denis Hayes, a San Francisco lawyer and chairman of Earth Day 1990, an international umbrella organization: "The whole thrust of Earth Day as we go into the 1990s is an environment that is much brighter...
...test that is used to determine whether chemicals are carcinogenic. Nonetheless, Janet Hathaway of the Natural Resources Defense Council argues that talk about natural carcinogens deflects attention from industry's responsibility for environmental risks. Ames, she says, exaggerates levels of natural toxins and understates the exposure to and effect of synthetic chemicals...
Another area of contention is global warming, which scientists fear could cause disruptive changes, such as a rise in sea levels. NASA official James Hansen told Congress last year that he believed the greenhouse effect had already arrived. Since then, that assertion has been widely challenged...
Among the most respected critics is Andrew Solow, a statistician at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Marine Policy Center in Massachusetts. Solow asserts that the computer models used to predict the greenhouse effect are so weak that they cannot even account for the modest 0.5 degrees C warming that has occurred over the past 100 years. "We all believe in the physics of the greenhouse effect," says Solow, "but to say almost anything about timing, the magnitude of change or its geographic distribution is more than...
...scientist believes lack of computing power -- as well as ignorance about such critical factors as the interactions between the oceans and the atmosphere, and the impact of clouds on surface temperatures -- limits the ability to predict the greenhouse effect. "It's possible that Washington will see 96 days of temperatures over 100 degrees F in the year 2010," he says, "but it's also possible that the U.S. will be economically impoverished because it unilaterally imposed draconian measures in anticipation of a greenhouse warming that never arrived...