Word: edmonston
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...problem in Norway.” Panelists also spoke about the nature of the U.S. military and the perceived difficulty in disentangling the military from politics. “At the ground level, it doesn’t matter,” said Harvard Extension School student Randall Edmonston. “You have to throw out your own personal beliefs—separate your politics from your mission.” Many of the panelists said officers should stay above the political fray. “I believe the military should be an apolitical institution,” Brooks...
...wholesale measles shots has just been boosted by the announcement that Indianapolis' Pitman-Moore Division of the Dow Chemical Co. has now begun to market a one-shot vaccine that is expected to give lifelong immunity. The virus used in the new vaccine is derived from the famed Edmonston strain used by Harvard's Nobel-prizewinning Virologist John F. Enders (TIME Cover, Nov. 17, 1961), but new research has added many advantages. When the attenuated virus in Enders' vaccine remained strong enough to give the required immunity, it was also strong enough to give many children what amounted...
...Cincinnati's Dr. Albert Sabin (who went on to make workable live-virus polio vaccines), then turned back to basic research. In 1954 another of his research fellows, Thomas Peebles, fulfilled Enders' longstanding dream of growing measles virus (obtained from a prep school student named David Edmonston) in tissue culture. This time, aiming for a safe and effective live-virus product, Enders decided to keep control of the vaccine project...
From its isolation in 1954 until it could be attenuated for trial as a vaccine in monkeys, the Edmonston strain took almost four years of exquisitely refined laboratory techniques and testing. Dr. Enders put a series of assistants to work on it in turn. Each kept the virus growing while transplanting it from one tissue-culture pot to another. One grew it in cultures of cells from human kidneys. Another kept it going through 28 transplantations in cells of human amnion ("bag of waters"). A third got it to flourish in the amnion of fertilized hens' eggs. Dr. Samuel...
...Enders and Katz soon found that in monkeys Edmonston virus causes a mild infection that provokes the subject to make antibodies against the measles virus. And antibody preparations from monkeys' blood provided the first sure test for the presence of measles virus...