Word: anthropologist
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...making their persuasive case for Ramapithecus as the first hominid, Simons and Pilbeam dispute a competing claim by the Kenyan anthropologist, Louis Leakey. Two years ago Leakey announced that 20 million-year-old fossils that he had discovered near Africa's Lake Victoria and dubbed Kenyapithecus africanus belonged to the earliest known manlike creature (TIME, Feb. 3, 1967). After applying their dental tests' to casts of Leakey's prehistoric fragments, the Yalemen decided that Kenyapithecus lacked the characteristics of early man. Though Leakey still insists that Kenyapithecus is a hominid, most other scientists now believe that...
...River Basin, a fossil-rich area where the borders of Ethiopia, Kenya and the Sudan meet. There, a University of Chicago expedition has found 40 prehistoric teeth and two jawbones buried in volcanic ash that is perhaps 4,000,000 years old. The expedition's leader, Anthropologist F. Clark Howell, is convinced that the creatures are members of the Australopithecus family, even though they must have belonged to a branch that probably did not eat meat or make tools. Despite their proximity to various ferocious neighbors in the fossil bed, says Howell, these man-apes were apparently able...
...chief characteristics of the symposium are the sea and air and sun, and endless talk. Anthropologist Margaret Mead, who has been on all but one of the trips, says that the symposium is the closest thing she knows to the great English country house parties at the turn of the century, and the comparison is just...
...This was, when you come to think of it, the original affluent society," says University of Michigan Anthropologist Marshall D. Sahlins. He credits the hunter-gatherers with a Zen-like philosophy about scarcity and plenty. Implicitly, they accept as a fact of the human condition that "material ends are few and finite and technical means unchanging but on the whole adequate. Adopting the Zen strategy, a people can enjoy an unparalleled material plenty, though perhaps only a low standard of living...
...surveying this primordial and dying form of society, anthropologists hope to learn what the hunter-gatherer can tell of man's earliest history. Writes University of Chicago Anthropologist Sol Tax: "We should study the reasons for the persistence of these peoples in light of all the conditions militating against their persistence. I think that the case of the North American Indians is especially significant. They seem to be waiting for us to go away...